Before you start
- Your appointment details
- A list of symptoms, medicines and questions
- ID and any health or insurance card
Method 1 Before the appointment
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Step 1: Define your main concern
Write the main reason you’re going in one or two sentences, for example “I’ve had headaches most days for three weeks.”
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Step 2: Describe your symptoms
Note what the symptoms are, where, when they started, how often they happen, how bad they are (0–10), what makes them better or worse, and anything you’ve tried.
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Step 3: Keep a diary if it helps
For symptoms that come and go, such as pain, sleep problems or blood pressure readings, keep a short daily record for a week or two.
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Step 4: List your medicines
Write down all prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, supplements and herbal remedies, with doses, or bring them in a bag.
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Step 5: Note relevant history
Include allergies, past illnesses or operations, and conditions that run in your family.
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Step 6: Prepare questions
Write your most important questions first, in case time runs out.
Method 2 During the appointment
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Step 1: Lead with the big issue
Mention your most important concern first, not at the end as you’re leaving.
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Step 2: Be honest and specific
Share everything relevant, including alcohol, smoking, sexual health or mental health. Doctors have heard it all, and it affects your care.
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Step 3: Ask about anything unclear
Say “Can you explain that in simpler words?” or ask the doctor to write down medical terms.
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Step 4: Take notes or bring someone
A relative or friend can listen, take notes and help remember. Ask if you can record key advice on your phone.
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Step 5: Ask for an interpreter if needed
Many health services provide interpreters free of charge. Ask when you book.
| Topic | Questions |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis | What do you think is causing this? Could it be anything else? |
| Tests | Why do I need this test? When and how will I get the results? |
| Treatment | What are my options? What are the benefits and side effects? What if I do nothing? |
| Medicines | How and when should I take it? How long for? What should I avoid? |
| Next steps | When should I feel better? What symptoms mean I should come back or seek urgent help? |
Method 3 Before you leave and afterwards
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Step 1: Confirm the plan
Repeat back what you understood: the diagnosis, treatment, and any tests or referrals.
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Step 2: Know the follow-up
Ask how you’ll get results, whether you need another appointment, and who to contact with questions.
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Step 3: Know the warning signs
Ask which symptoms should make you seek urgent help.
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Step 4: Follow through
Book tests and follow-ups, pick up prescriptions, and chase results if you don’t hear back when expected.
Method 4 For phone or video appointments
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Step 1: Test your setup
Charge your device, check the internet connection, and test the app or link beforehand.
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Step 2: Find a private, well-lit space
You may need to show a rash or swelling on camera, so good lighting helps.
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Step 3: Have your details ready
Keep your list of symptoms, medicines and questions next to you, and have a thermometer or blood pressure monitor nearby if you have one.
Troubleshooting
I always forget what the doctor said
Take notes, bring someone, or ask for a printed summary or patient leaflet. Many services let you view notes in an online patient portal.
I feel rushed
Focus on your top concern, and ask for a longer or follow-up appointment for other issues.
I don’t agree with the plan
Say so politely and explain why. Ask about alternatives, or request a second opinion.
Frequently asked questions
Can I bring more than one problem?
Some practices limit appointments to one main issue. Mention your most important problem first and ask how to deal with others.
Can I see my medical records?
In many countries you have a legal right to access your health records. Ask your practice or use its online patient portal.
Should I search my symptoms online first?
Reliable health sites can help you prepare questions, but don’t self-diagnose. Share what you’ve read and let the doctor examine you.
Summary
Before your appointment, write down your main concern, symptoms, medicines and top questions. Lead with the most important issue, be honest, ask for clear explanations and take notes. Before leaving, confirm the diagnosis, plan, follow-up and warning signs, and follow through on tests and prescriptions.